The geography of Texas Texas ( /ˈtɛksəs/ ) is a state in the South Central United States, nicknamed the Lone Star State. It is bordered by Mexico to the south, New Mexico to the west, Oklahoma to the north, Arkansas to the northeast, and Louisiana to the east. Texas is the second largest U.S. state in both area and population, with an area of 268,820 square miles (696 covers a wide and far reaching scope. Occupying about 7% of the total water and land area of the U.S.,^[1] it is the second largest state after Alaska Alaska ( /əˈlæskə/ , Russian: Аляска Alyaska) is the largest state of the United States of America by area; it is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait, and is the southernmost part of the Great Plains The Great Plains are the broad expanse of prairie and steppe which lie west of the Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada. This area covers parts of the U.S. states of Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas and Wyoming, and the Canadian provinces of, which end in the south against the folded Sierra Madre Oriental The Sierra Madre Oriental is a mountain range in northeastern Mexico, spanning 1000 km from Coahuila south through Nuevo León, southwest Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro, and Hidalgo to northern Puebla, where it joins with the east-west running Eje Volcánico Transversal of central Mexico of Mexico The United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos ), commonly known as Mexico (English: /ˈmɛksɪkoʊ/) (Spanish: México (help·info) [ˈmexiko]), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize,. Texas Texas ( /ˈtɛksəs/ ) is a state in the South Central United States, nicknamed the Lone Star State. It is bordered by Mexico to the south, New Mexico to the west, Oklahoma to the north, Arkansas to the northeast, and Louisiana to the east. Texas is the second largest U.S. state in both area and population, with an area of 268,820 square miles (696 is in the south-central part of the United States of America, and is considered to form part of the U.S. South The Southern United States—commonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, Down South, or simply the South—constitutes a large distinctive region in the southeastern and south-central United States. Because of the region's unique cultural and historic heritage, including Native Americans; early European settlements of Spanish, English and and also part of the U.S. Southwest The Southwestern United States is defined as the states that lie west of the Mississippi River, with the qualification of a certain northern limit such as the 37, 38, 39, or 40 degree north line. A 97.33 degree west line could qualify as the separation of the American Southwest from the American South. The Southwest historically began at the far.

The Rio Grande The Rio Grande is a river that forms part of the border between the United States and Mexico. At 1,885 miles (3,034 km) long, it is the fourth-longest river system in the United States. It serves as a natural boundary along the border between the American state of Texas and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas, Red River The Red River is one of several rivers with that name. It rises in two branches in the Texas Panhandle and flows east forming the border between Texas and Oklahoma, and briefly between Texas and Arkansas. At Fulton, Arkansas, the river turns south into Louisiana to empty into the Atchafalaya and Mississippi Rivers. The total length of this journey and Sabine River The Sabine River is a river, 555 miles (893 km) long, in the U.S. states of Texas and Louisiana. In its lower course, it forms part of the boundary between the two states and empties into Sabine Lake, an estuary of the Gulf of Mexico. The river formed part of the United States-Mexican international boundary during the early 19th century. The upper all provide natural state lines where Texas borders Oklahoma Oklahoma ( /ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/ ) is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. With an estimated 3,617,316 residents in 2007 and a land area of 68,667 square miles (177,847 km²), Oklahoma is the 28th most populous and 20th-largest state. The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning & on the north, Louisiana The State of Louisiana ( /luːˌiːziːˈænə/ or /ˌluːziːˈænə/ (help·info), French: État de Louisiane, pronounced [lwizjan] (help·info)) is a state located in the southern region (Deep South) of the United States of America. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the only state divided into parishes, and Arkansas Arkansas ( /ˈɑrkənsɔː/ ; AR-kən-saw) is a state located in the southern region of the United States. Its name is an Algonquin name of the Quapaw Indians. Arkansas shares a border with six states, with its eastern border largely defined by the Mississippi River. Its diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozarks and the on the east, and New Mexico New Mexico ( /nuːˈmɛksɨkoʊ/ or Spanish: Nuevo México) is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. Inhabited by Native American populations for many centuries, it has also been part of the Imperial Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain, part of Mexico, and a U.S. territory. Among U.S. states, New Mexico has the highest and the Mexican The United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos ), commonly known as Mexico (English: /ˈmɛksɪkoʊ/) (Spanish: México (help·info) [ˈmexiko]), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, states of Chihuahua Chihuahua is a state in northern Mexico with a mainland area of 244,938 square kilometers , slightly bigger than the United Kingdom. It is surrounded by the Mexican states of Sonora to the west, Sinaloa to the south-west, Durango to the south, and Coahuila to the east, and by the U.S. states of Texas to the north-east and New Mexico to the north, Coahuila Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza , is one of Mexico's 31 component states. It is located in the north of the country, Nuevo León Nuevo León is a state located in northeastern Mexico. It borders the states of Tamaulipas to the north and east and San Luis Potosí to the south, and Coahuila to the west. To the north, Nuevo León accounts for a 15 kilometer (9 mi) stretch of the U.S.-Mexico border adjacent to the U.S. state of Texas, and Tamaulipas Tamaulipas borders on the states of Veracruz to the south, San Luis Potosí to the southwest, and Nuevo León to the west. To the east Tamaulipas fronts the Gulf of Mexico; to the north Tamaulipas stands on the U.S.-Mexico border, adjacent to the U.S. state of Texas. According to the 2006 census, Tamaulipas had a population of about 3,024,238 to the south. Austin Austin is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the county seat of Travis County. Located in Central Texas and the American South, it is the fourth-largest city in Texas and the 15th-largest in the United States. It was the third-fastest-growing large city in the nation from 2000 to 2006. According to the 2009 U.S. Census estimate, Austin had, the state capital, is farther south than all other US state capitals except Honolulu Honolulu is the capital and most populous census-designated place in the U.S. state of Hawaii. Although Honolulu refers to the urban area on the southeastern shore of the island of Oahu, the city and the county are consolidated, known as the City and County of Honolulu, and the city and county is designated as the entire island. The City and.^[2]

By residents, the state is generally divided into North Texas North Texas is a distinct cultural and geographic area forming the central-northeastern section of the U.S. state of Texas. North Texas is generally considered to include the area south of Oklahoma, east of Abilene, and north of Waco. North Texas, being more precisely the northern part of the eastern portion of Texas, does not include the, East Texas According to the Handbook of Texas, the East Texas area "may be separated from the rest of Texas roughly by a line extending from the Red River in north central Lamar County southwestward to east central Limestone County and then southeastward to Galveston Bay", though some separate the Gulf Coast area into a separate region, Central Texas, South Texas South Texas is a region of the U.S. state of Texas that lies roughly south of, or beginning at, San Antonio. The southern and western boundary is the Rio Grande River, and to the east it is the Gulf of Mexico. The population of this region is about 3.7 million. The southern portion of this region is often referred to as the Rio Grande Valley. The, West Texas West Texas is a region in Texas that has more in common geographically with the Southwestern United States than it does with the rest of the state.[citation needed]. This part of Texas is in the Northern Chihuahuan Desert and the high mountain areas have a climate of cold nights and warm afternoons in winter; hot days and cool nights in the summer (and sometimes the Panhandle The Texas Panhandle is a region of the U.S. state of Texas consisting of the northernmost 26 counties in the state. The panhandle is a rectangular area bordered by the state of New Mexico to the west and the state of Oklahoma to the north and east. The southern border of Swisher County is considered to be the southern boundary of the region,), but according to the Texas Almanac, Texas has four major physical regions: Gulf Coastal Plains, Interior Lowlands, Great Plains, and Basin and Range Province. This has been cited as the difference between human geography Human geography is a branch of geography that focuses on the study of patterns and processes that shape human interaction with the built environment, with particular reference to the causes and consequences of the spatial distribution of human activity on the Earth's surface and physical geography Physical geography is one of the three major subfields of geography. Physical geography focuses on understanding the processes and patterns in the natural environment, as opposed to the cultural or built environment, the domain of human geography. Within the body of physical geography, the Earth is often split either into several spheres or, although the fact that Texas was granted (and retains to this day) the prerogative to divide into as many as five U.S. states may be a historical motive for Texans defining their state as containing exactly five regions.^[3]

Some regions in Texas are more associated with the South than the Southwest (primarily East Texas According to the Handbook of Texas, the East Texas area "may be separated from the rest of Texas roughly by a line extending from the Red River in north central Lamar County southwestward to east central Limestone County and then southeastward to Galveston Bay", though some separate the Gulf Coast area into a separate region, Central Texas, and North Texas North Texas is a distinct cultural and geographic area forming the central-northeastern section of the U.S. state of Texas. North Texas is generally considered to include the area south of Oklahoma, east of Abilene, and north of Waco. North Texas, being more precisely the northern part of the eastern portion of Texas, does not include the), while other regions share more similarities with the Southwest (primarily far West Texas West Texas is a region in Texas that has more in common geographically with the Southwestern United States than it does with the rest of the state.[citation needed]. This part of Texas is in the Northern Chihuahuan Desert and the high mountain areas have a climate of cold nights and warm afternoons in winter; hot days and cool nights in the summer and South Texas South Texas is a region of the U.S. state of Texas that lies roughly south of, or beginning at, San Antonio. The southern and western boundary is the Rio Grande River, and to the east it is the Gulf of Mexico. The population of this region is about 3.7 million. The southern portion of this region is often referred to as the Rio Grande Valley. The). The upper Panhandle A panhandle or salient is an informal geographic term for an elongated tail-like protrusion of a geo-political entity, such as an administrative division or a sovereign state that extends into another such entity as a peninsula extends into the sea. The former "folksy" term derives from the analogous part of a cooking pan and its use is is considered by many to have more in common with parts of the plains Midwest The Midwestern United States is one of the four geographic regions within the United States of America that are officially recognized by the United States Census Bureau than either the South or Southwest. The size of Texas prohibits easy categorization of the entire state wholly in any recognized region of the United States; geographic, economic, and even cultural diversity between regions of the state preclude treating Texas as a region in its own right.

Climate

Continental Continental climate is a climate that is characterized by winter temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of snow cover each year, and relatively moderate precipitation occurring mostly in summer, although east coast areas may show an even distribution of precipitation. Regions containing a continental climate exist in portions of the, Mountain Mountain climate is a crude geographical term used for the kind of climate in the mountains and generally in the high country. It is often contrasted to the climate of the cloudy, lowland area surrounding or near the same mountains, and Modified Marine The subtropics are the zones of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropic zone, which is bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, at latitude 23.5° north and south. The term "subtropical" describes the climatic region found adjacent to the tropics, usually between 20 and 35 degrees latitude in both are the three major climatic types Climate encompasses the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorological elements in a given region over long periods of time. Climate can be contrasted to weather, which is the present condition of these same elements over periods up to two weeks of Texas, with no distinguishable boundaries. Modified Marine, or subtropical, dominates the majority of the state.^[4] Texas has an annual precipitation In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour that is deposited on the Earth's surface. It occurs when the atmosphere, a large gaseous solution, becomes saturated with water vapour and the water condenses, falling out of solution (i.e., precipitates). Two processes, possibly acting together, can lead range from 60.57 inches (1,538 mm) in Jasper County Jasper County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2000, its population was 35,604. Its county seat is Jasper. Jasper County is named for William Jasper, an American Revolutionary War hero, East Texas, to 9.43 inches (240 mm) in El Paso El Paso is a city in and the county seat of El Paso County, Texas, United States, and part of the American Southwest. According to the United States Census Bureau's 2006 population estimates, the city had a population of 606,913. It is the sixth-largest city in Texas and the 22nd-largest city in the United States. Its metropolitan area covers all. The record high of 120 °F Fahrenheit usually refers to a temperature scale proposed in 1724 by, and named after, the physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit . Today, the scale has been replaced by the Celsius scale in most countries; it is still in use for non-scientific purposes in the United States and a few other nations, such as Belize (49 °C Celsius is a temperature scale that is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who developed a similar temperature scale two years before his death. The degree Celsius (°C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as serve as a unit increment to indicate a temperature interval (a difference between) was reached at Seymour The town was founded by settlers from Oregon, who called the town Oregon City; it was originally located where the Western Trail crossed the Brazos River, which flows just south of the townsite. A post office was established in 1879, upon which the town's name was changed to Seymour, after local cowboy Seymour Munday, after whom nearby Munday was on August 12, 1936, and Monahans on June 28, 1994. The low also ties at −23 °F Fahrenheit usually refers to a temperature scale proposed in 1724 by, and named after, the physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit . Today, the scale has been replaced by the Celsius scale in most countries; it is still in use for non-scientific purposes in the United States and a few other nations, such as Belize (−30.6 °C Celsius is a temperature scale that is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who developed a similar temperature scale two years before his death. The degree Celsius (°C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as serve as a unit increment to indicate a temperature interval (a difference between) in Tulia Tulia is a city in, and county seat of, Swisher County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,117 at the 2000 census; in the 2005 census estimate, it had fallen to 4,714. The city is at the junction of U.S. Route 87 and Texas State Highway 86, approximately two miles east Interstate 27 on February 12, 1899, and Seminole on February 8, 1933.^[5]

Physical geography

Texas covers a total area of 268,581 mi². The longest straight line distance is from the northwest corner of the panhandle to the Rio Grande just below Brownsville, 801 mi.^[1] The largest continental state is so expansive that El Paso, in the western corner of the state, is closer to San Diego, California than to Beaumont, near the Louisiana state line; Beaumont, in turn, is closer to Jacksonville, Florida than it is to El Paso. Texarkana, in the northeastern corner of the state, is about the same distance from Chicago, Illinois as it is to El Paso, and Dalhart, in the northwestern corner of the state, is closer to the state capitals of Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Wyoming than it is to Austin, its own state capital.^[6]

The geographic center of Texas is about 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Brady in northern McCulloch County. Guadalupe Peak, at 8,749 feet (2,667 m) above sea level is the highest point in Texas. The lowest being sea level where Texas meets the Gulf of Mexico.^[7] Texas has five state forests and 120 state parks for a total over 605,000 acres (2,450 km²).^[8] There are 3,700 named streams and 15 major river systems flowing through 191,000 miles (307,000 km) of Texas. Eventually emptying into seven major estuaries, these rivers support over 212 reservoirs.^[9]

With 10 climatic regions, 14 soil regions, and 11 distinct ecological regions, regional classification becomes problematic with differences in soils, topography, geology, rainfall, and plant and animal communities.^[10]

Gulf Coastal Plains

The Gulf Coastal Plains stretches from the Gulf of Mexico inland to the Balcones Fault and the Eastern Cross Timbers. This large area stretches from the cities of Paris to San Antonio to Del Rio but shows a large variety in vegetation. The thick pineywoods of east Texas and the brush country south of San Antonio are found here. With about 20 to over 58 inches (508-1,480 mm) annual rainfall, this is a nearly level, drained plain dissected by streams and rivers flowing into estuaries and marshes. Windblown sands and dunes, grasslands, oak mottes and salt marshes make up the seaward areas.^[11] National Parks include Big Thicket National Preserve, Padre Island National Seashore and the Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Site.^[12]

Interior Lowlands

The Interior Lowlands are bounded by the Caprock Escarpment to the west, the Edwards Plateau to the south, and the Eastern Cross Timbers to the east. This area includes the North Central Plains around the cities of Abilene and Wichita Falls, the Western Cross Timbers to the west of Fort Worth, the Grand Prairie, and the Eastern Cross Timbers to the east of Dallas. With about 35 to 50 inches (890 to 1,300 mm) annual rainfall, gently rolling to hilly forested land is part of a larger pine-hardwood forest of oaks, hickories, elm and gum trees.^[11] Soils vary from coarse sands to tight clays or red-bed clays and shales.^[13] The only National Park in this region is Lake Meredith National Recreation Area.^[12]

Great Plains

The Great Plains include the Llano Estacado, the Panhandle, Edwards Plateau, Toyah Basin, and the Llano Uplift. It is bordered on the east by the Caprock Escarpment in the panhandle and by the Balcones Fault to the southeast. Cities in this region include Austin, San Angelo, Midland and Odessa, Lubbock, and Amarillo. The Hill Country is a popular name for the area of hills along the Balcones Escarpment and is a transitional area between the Great Plains and the Gulf Coastal Plains. With about 15 to 31 inches (380 to 790 mm) annual rainfall, the southern end of the Great Plains are gently rolling plains of shrub and grassland, and home to the dramatic Caprock Canyons and Palo Duro Canyon state parks.^[11] The largest concentration of playa lakes in the world (nearly 22,000) is on the Southern High Plains of Texas and Eastern New Mexico.

Texas's blackland prairies were some of the first areas farmed in Texas. Highly expansive clays with characteristic dark coloration, called the Houston Black series, occur on about 1.5 million acres (6,000 km²) extending from north of Dallas south to San Antonio. The Professional Soil Scientists Association of Texas has recommended to the State Legislature that the Houston Black series be designated the State soil. The series was established in 1902.^[14] National Parks in this area are the Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park and the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park.^[12]

Basin and Range Province

The Trans-Pecos Natural Region has less than 12 inches (300 mm) annual rainfall. The most complex Natural Region, it includes Sand Hills, the Stockton Plateau, desert valleys, wooded mountain slopes and desert grasslands. The Basin and Range Province is in extreme western Texas, west of the Pecos River beginning with the Davis Mountains on the east and the Rio Grande to its west and south. The Trans-Pecos region is the only part of Texas regarded as mountainous and includes seven named peaks in elevation greater than 8,000 feet (2,400 m). With less than 12 inches (300 mm) annual rainfall, this region includes sand hills, desert valleys, wooded mountain slopes and desert grasslands.^[11] The vegetation diversity includes at least 268 grass species and 447 species of woody plants.^[15] National Parks include the Amistad National Recreation Area, Big Bend National Park, Chamizal National Memorial, Fort Davis National Historic Site, Guadalupe Mountains National Park, and the Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River.^[12] This area is part of the Chihuahuan Desert.

Geology

Texas is mostly sedimentary rocks, with east Texas underlain by a Cretaceous and younger sequence of sediments, the trace of ancient shorelines east and south until the active continental margin of the Gulf of Mexico is met. This sequence is built atop the subsided crest of the Appalachian Mountains–Ouachita Mountains–Marathon Mountains zone of Pennsylvanian continental collision, which collapsed when rifting in Jurassic time opened the Gulf of Mexico. West from this orogenic crest, which is buried beneath the Dallas–Waco–Austin–San Antonio trend, the sediments are Permian and Triassic in age. Oil is found in the Cretaceous sediments in the east, the Permian sediments in the west, and along the Gulf coast and out on the Texas continental shelf. A few exposures of Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks are found in the central and western parts of the state, and Oligocene volcanic rocks are found in far west Texas, in the Big Bend area. A blanket of Miocene sediments known as the Ogallala formation in the western high plains region is an important aquifer. Texas has no active or dormant volcanoes and few earthquakes, being situated far from an active plate tectonic boundary. (The Big Bend area is the most seismically active; however, the area is sparsely populated and suffers minimal damages and injuries, and no known fatalities have been attributed to a Texas earthquake.)

References

With enormous natural resources, Texas is a major agricultural and industrial state. It leads all other states in such categories as oil, cattle, sheep, and cotton. Texas also produces poultry, eggs, dairy products, greenhouse and nursery products, wheat, hay, rice, sugar cane, and peanuts, and a range of fruits and vegetables.^[16]

• Asphalt-bearing rocks, mainly cretaceous limestones, occur in Bexar, Burnet, Kinney, Uvalde, and other counties.
• Cement is currently produced in Bexar, Comal, Dallas, Ector, Ellis, El Paso, Harris, Hays, McLennan, Nolan, Nueces, Potter, and Tarrant counties. Historically, Texas' Portland cement output accounts for about 10% of the annual United States production.
• With an abundance of various types of clays, Texas is one of the leading producers of clays.
• Bituminous coal occurs primarily in Coleman, Eastland, Erath, Jack, McCulloch, Montague, Palo Pinto, Parker, Throckmorton, Wise, and Young counties of Texas. Lignite, or brown coal, occurs in deposits in the Texas Coastal Plain.
• Fluorspar or fluorite is an important industrial mineral used in the manufacture of steel, aluminum, glass, and fluorocarbons. It occurs at several localities in the Trans-Pecos and Llano regions of Texas.
• Collecting gemstone rock and mineral specimens has proved quite profitable. Agate, jasper, cinnabar, fluorite, topaz, calcite, opal, petrified wood, and tektites are all commonly collected.

• Deposits of graphite occur in the Llano region and was previously produced in Burnet County.
• Bat guano occurs in numerous caverns in the Edwards Plateau and in the Trans-Pecos region and to a more limited extent in Central Texas.
• Gypsum is extensively developed in Texas where the main occurrences are in the Permian Basin, the Cretaceous Edwards Formation in Gillespie and Menard counties, and the Gulf Coast salt domes of Harris County and previously Brooks County.
• Texas is the leading producer of helium solely from the Cliffside gas field near Amarillo.
• Deposits of iron ore are present in northeastern Texas as well as several in Central Texas.
• Elements of the Lanthanide series are commonly termed rare-earth elements. Several of the rare earths have anomalous concentrations in the rhyolitic and related igneous rocks in the Trans-Pecos area of Texas. A deposit containing several rare-earth minerals was exposed at Barringer Hill in Llano County before it was covered by the waters of Lake Buchanan.
• Limestones, abundant in many parts of Texas, are used in the manufacture of lime. Plants for the production of lime are currently operating in Bexar, Bosque, Burnet, Comal, Deaf Smith, Hill, Johnson, Nueces, and Travis counties.
• Magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate and other mineral salts are present in the Upper Permian basin and in the underlying playas of the High Plains.
• Manganese is known to occur in Precambrian rocks in Mason and Llano counties, in Val Verde County, in Jeff Davis County, and in Dickens County.
• Mica is present in Precambrian pegmatite in the Llano region.
• Common opal occurs on the Texas Coastal Plain.
• Salts occurs in large quantities in salt domes in the Texas Coastal Plain and with other evaporites in the Permian Basin of West Texas, as well as near Grand Saline, Texas.
• Sands used for industrial purposes commonly have been found in the Texas Coastal Plains, East Texas, north central Texas, and Central Texas.
• The discovery of silver in Texas has been credited by some to Franciscans who discovered and operated mines near El Paso about 1680. Documented silver production started in the late 1880s at the Presidio Mine, in Presidio County. Texas produced 32,663,405 troy ounces of silver between 1885 and 1955
• Sulfur occurs in the caprocks of salt domes in the Gulf Coastal Plain, in Permian-age bedded deposits in Trans-Pecos Texas.
• In the past uranium was produced from surface mines in Atascosa, Gonzales, Karnes, and Live Oak counties. All uranium mines are closed and Texas is no longer a producer.^[17]

See also

• U.S. state
• Historic regions of the United States
• List of geographical regions in Texas
• List of lakes in Texas
• List of Texas metropolitan areas
• List of Texas state parks
• List of Texas rivers
• Texas Irrigation Canals
• United States Census Bureau

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Tx Almanac". http://www.texasalmanac.com/environment/. Retrieved on 2006-08-01.
2. ^ "Netstate". http://www.netstate.com/states/geography/tx_geography.htm. Retrieved on 2006-07-11.
3. ^ "Texas Escapes.com". http://www.texasescapes.com/MikeCoxTexasTales/211Texas-County-Seats-and-Counties-Name-Confusion.htm. Retrieved on 2006-07-15.
4. ^ "The Office of the State Climatologist". http://www.met.tamu.edu/osc/TXclimat.htm. Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
5. ^ "Tx Almanac". http://www.texasalmanac.com/facts/. Retrieved on 2006-07-11.
6. ^ "StateMaster". http://www.statemaster.com/state/TX-texas/geo-geography. Retrieved on 2006-07-11.
7. ^ "Netstate". http://www.netstate.com/states/geography/tx_geography.htm. Retrieved on 2006-07-11.
8. ^ "About.com". http://geography.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108277.html. Retrieved on 2006-07-11.
9. ^ "Tx Parks and Wildlife". http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/water/habitats/rivers/. Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
10. ^ "Tx Envionmental Profiles". http://www.texasep.org/html/lnd/lnd_1reg.html. Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
11. ^ ^{a b c d} "LoneStarInternet". http://www.lone-star.net/mall/txtrails/regions.htm. Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
12. ^ ^{a b c d} "Tx Environmental Profiles". http://www.texasep.org/html/lnd/lnd_5pub.html. Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
13. ^ "NPAT Region 8". http://www.texasprairie.org/terms/8.htm. Retrieved on 2006-07-17.
14. ^ "USDA Houston Black". ftp://ftp-fc.sc.egov.usda.gov/NSSC/StateSoil_Profiles/tx_soil.pdf. Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
15. ^ "Tx Parks and Wildlife". http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/land/habitats/trans_pecos/. Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
16. ^ "infoplease.com". http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108277.html. Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
17. ^ Garner, L. Edwin. "The Handbook of Texas online". http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/MM/gpm1.html. Retrieved on 2006-07-11.

Further reading

• Terry G. Jordan. Texas, a Geography Westview Press. 1984.

External links

• The State of Texas website
• Annual precipitation map
• Rio Grande WebCam
• Texas A&M brief, The Climate of Texas

Categories: Geography of Texas

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• Geography of Texas
• Texan
• Texas
• East Texas
• West Texas

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